id="id83">

11

Swafford, Beethoven, 53.

12

Franz Wegeler and Ferdinand Ries, Beethoven Remembered: The Biographical Notes of Franz Wegeler and Ferdinand Ries (Salt Lake City, UT: Great River Books, 1987), 39.

13

Swafford, Beethoven, 98–99.

14

Swafford, Beethoven, 128. “Part of his gift was the raptus, that ability to withdraw into an inner world that took him beyond everything and everybody around him, and also took him beyond the legion of afflictions that assailed him. Improvising at the keyboard and otherwise, he found solitude even in company.”

15

Swafford, Beethoven, 98–99.

16

Heiligenstadt Testament letter.

17

David Ryback, Beethoven in Love (Andover, MA: Tiger Iron Press, 1996). Quote is from Beethoven in 1817.

Nicholas Cook, Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993).

18

Michael Gervais, Finding Mastery podcast, May 25, 2023.

19

This echoes a quote often attributed to Austrian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor Viktor Frankl, but is of uncertain origins: “Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom.”

20

Mark Leary, “Is It Time to Give Up on Self-Esteem?” The Society for Personality and Social Psychology, May 9, 2019, https://spsp.org/news-center/character-context-blog/it-time-give-self-esteem.

21

N. C. Larson et al., “Physiological Reactivity and Performance Outcomes under High Pressure in Golfers of Varied Skill Levels,” oral presentation to the World Scientific Congress of Golf, Phoenix, AZ, March 2012.

22

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, part 1, chapter 13, page 58.

23

Cannon, 1915; Eliot, 1999; Keith Oatley, Dacher Keltner, and Jennifer M. Jenkins, Understanding Emotions, 2nd. edition (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2006).

24

Cannon, 1915; Saper, Lumsden & Richerson, 2013.

25

Cannon, 1915; Saper, Lumsden & Richerson, 2013.

26

Cannon, 1915; Saper, Lumsden & Richerson, 2013.

27

Marks, 1997.

28

Cannon, 1915, Saper, Lumsden & Richerson, 2013

29

Stephanie A. Maddox, Jakob Hartmann, Rachel A. Ross, and Kerry J. Ressler, “Deconstructing the Gestalt: Mechanisms of Fear, Threat, and Trauma Memory Encoding,” Neuron 102, no. 1 (2019): 60–74.

30

Joseph E. LeDoux, “Coming to Terms with Fear,” PNAS 111, no. 8 (2014): 2871–2878.

31

Josephine Germer, Evelyn Kahl, and Markus Fendt, “Memory Generalization after One-Trial Contextual Fear Conditioning: Effects of Sex and Neuropeptide S Receptor Deficiency,” Behavioural Brain Research 361, no. 1 (2019): 159–166; Kim Haesen, Tom Beckers, Frank Baeyens, and Bram Vervliet, “One-Trial Overshadowing: Evidence for Fast Specific Fear Learning in Humans,” Behaviour Research and Therapy 90 (2017): 16–24.

32

Roy F. Baumeister, Ellen Bratslavsky, Catrin Finkenauer, and Kathleen D. Vohs, “Bad Is Stronger Than Good,” Review of General Psychology 5, no. 4 (2001): 323–370.

33

Arun Asok, Eric R. Kandel, and Joseph B. Rayman, “The Neurobiology of Fear Generalization,” Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 12 (2019).

34

David Watson and Ronald Friend, “Measurement of Social-Evaluative Anxiety,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 33, no. 4 (1969): 448–457.

35

Brad Rock, quoted in David Fleming, “Before ‘The Last Dance,’ Scottie Pippen Delivered Six Words of Trash Talk That Changed NBA History,” ESPN, May 15, 2020, https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/29166548/before-last-dance-scottie-pippen-delivered-six-words-trash-talk-changed-nba-history.

36

Nina Strohminger, Joshua Knobe, and George Newman, “The True Self: A Psychological Concept Distinct from the Self,” Association for Psychological Science 12, no. 4 (2017): 551–560.

37

Michael A. Hogg and Dominic Abrams, Social Identifications: A Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations and Group Processes (London: Routledge, 1998).

38

Fight Club, directed by David Fincher, 1999.

39

Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (New York, Boston: T. Y. Crowell & Co., 1893).

40

APA Dictionary of Psychology.

41

Paul Blake, “What’s in a Name? Your Link to the Past,” BBC, April 26, 2011, https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/familyhistory/get_started/surnames_01.shtml.

42

Zygmunt Bauman, “Identity in the Globalising World,” Social Anthropology 9, no. 2 (2001): 121–129; Anthony Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1991).

43

Jeffrey J. Arnett, “The Psychology of Globalization,” American Psychologist 57, no. 10 (2002): 774–783.

44

Michael Lipka, “Why America’s ‘Nones’ Left Religion Behind,” Pew Research Center, August 24, 2016, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/08/24/why-americas-nones-left-religion-behind/.

45

The ten-thousand-hour rule popularized by Malcom Gladwell does not accurately align with Anders Ericsson’s original research on developing expertise.

46

Nadia Shafique, Seema Gul, and Seemab Raseed, “Perfectionism and Perceived Stress: The Role of Fear of Negative Evaluation,” International Journal of Mental Health 46, no. 4 (2017): 312–326.

47

Conversation with Dr. Ben Houltberg, March 9, 2021.

48

Albert Bandura, Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control (New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1997), p. 3.

49

Michael Gervais, “Missy Franklin on Being a Champion in Victory and Defeat,” Finding Mastery podcast, December 4, 2019, https://podcasts.apple.com/kw/podcast/missy-franklin-on-being-a-champion-in-victory-and-defeat/id1025326955?i=1000458624052.

50

Benjamin W. Walker and Dan V. Caprar, “When Performance Gets Personal: Towards a Theory of Performance-Based Identity,” The Tavistock Institute 73, no. 8 (2019): 1077–1105.

51

Joseph Campbell, Reflections on the Art of Living: A Joseph Campbell Companion (New York: Harper Perennial, 1995).

52

Dan Gilbert, “The Psychology of Your Future Self,” TED talk, 2014, https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_gilbert_the_psychology_of_your_future_self.

53

Jordi Quoibach, Daniel T. Gilbert, and Timothy D. Wilson, “The End of History Illusion,” Science 339, no. 6115 (2013): 96–98.

54

<<Note is TK>>

55

William James, “The Conscious Self,” in William James, The Principles of Psychology, vol. 1 (Boston: Harvard University Press, 1892).